Stricter Rules for Revocation of Permanent Residence and Post-Acquisition Public Duties#

In June 2024, the Japanese Diet enacted amendments to the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act, bringing significant changes to the residency management system. One of the most discussed topics among foreign residents is the “optimization of the Permanent Residence system,” which essentially means the strengthening of grounds for revoking the status of “Permanent Resident.”

Previously, the status of “Permanent Resident” was considered extremely stable. Once acquired, it freed the holder from the hassle of frequent visa renewals and removed all restrictions on employment activities. However, under the revised law, even after obtaining Permanent Residence, failure to fulfill public duties—such as paying taxes and social security premiums—can now lead to the revocation of this status.

This article provides an objective and detailed explanation of the specific circumstances under which revocation may occur under the new law, and the public duties that Permanent Residents must observe more carefully than ever before.

Background of the Review on Permanent Residence Revocation#

The Japanese government is adopting a policy of expanding the acceptance of foreign nationals to address labor shortages caused by a declining birthrate and aging population. Consequently, new systems such as the “Ikusei Shuro” (Training and Employment) program are being established to create an environment where foreign nationals can settle in Japan more easily. Meanwhile, the number of Permanent Residents continues to increase year by year. In this context, issues have arisen regarding some Permanent Residents who fail to pay taxes and social insurance premiums or who violate laws, prompting a review of the system.

Permanent Residents are recognized as members of Japanese society who are expected to reside in Japan for a long time. Therefore, it is a prerequisite that their presence serves Japan’s national interest and that they comply with Japanese laws. The purpose of this legal amendment is to ensure strict management and appropriate operation of the system by dealing firmly with those who fail to fulfill their public duties, while maintaining a welcoming stance for compliant foreign residents.

Specific Details of the New Revocation Grounds#

Under the previous Immigration Control Act, provisions for revocation existed—such as for obtaining status through fraudulent applications or failing to report a place of residence—but the scope of application was limited. The 2024 amendment clarifies and expands the requirements for revocation, specifically adding the following:

1. Violation of Obligations to Pay Public Imposts (Intentional Failure)#

The most significant change is that “intentional” failure to pay taxes (income tax, resident tax, etc.) and social insurance premiums (National Health Insurance, National Pension, Employees’ Pension, etc.) is now a ground for revocation.

The key word here is “intentional.” If payment is delayed due to unavoidable circumstances such as financial hardship, disaster, or illness, the status will not be immediately revoked. However, if an individual has the ability to pay but repeatedly and deliberately fails to do so, or ignores payment reminders, such actions are judged as malicious and may lead to revocation. This includes not only the applicant’s own payments but potentially the failure to fulfill obligations as an employer or for dependents, depending on the severity.

2. Violation of Residence Notification Obligations#

Failing to report a change of address within 90 days of moving, or submitting a false report regarding one’s residence, remains a ground for revocation. Additionally, the amendment highlights that significant neglect of duties under the Immigration Control Act, such as violating the obligation to carry the Residence Card at all times or refusing to receive a new card, can be factors considered for revocation.

3. Imposition of Certain Penalties#

Previously, deportation was generally reserved for those sentenced to imprisonment without suspended execution (for certain crimes). Under the revised law, even penalties that do not meet the threshold for immediate deportation—such as imprisonment with a suspended sentence for theft, or fines for certain specific offenses—may trigger a review for the revocation of Permanent Residence status.

Public Duties and Points of Caution for Permanent Residents#

In light of this legal amendment, current holders of “Permanent Resident” status and those planning to apply must reaffirm their compliance with the following public duties. The status is no longer “unconditional” once granted.

For company employees, Resident Tax and social insurance premiums are typically deducted from salaries (special collection), meaning the company handles the process. However, individuals who resign, change jobs, or are freelancers/sole proprietors must handle payments themselves (ordinary collection). It is crucial to ensure no payments are missed. Using automatic bank transfers is an effective measure to prevent accidental overdue payments. It is also essential to be responsible for the health insurance and pension payments of family members.

Renewal of the Residence Card Validity Period#

While the “Permanent Resident” status itself does not expire, the “Residence Card” has a validity period of seven years. While the expiration of the card does not immediately nullify the residency status, failing to renew the card is a violation of the Immigration Control Act. Under the stricter scrutiny of the new system, neglecting this procedure could be viewed as a lack of compliance awareness and, in malicious cases, could contribute to grounds for revocation.

Strict Adherence to Notification of Changes#

When moving, submitting a “Notification of Moving In” (Tennyu-todoke) to the municipal office is mandatory. This is an obligation under the Basic Resident Registration Act and simultaneously serves as a notification under the Immigration Control Act. Permanent Residents must ensure their registered address always matches their actual place of living.

Status After Revocation#

It is important to understand that if Permanent Residence is revoked, it does not necessarily mean the individual will be immediately deported (forced to leave Japan). The Immigration Services Agency will consider individual circumstances, such as the degree of maliciousness, stability of life in Japan, and family situation.

In cases where revocation is based on non-payment of taxes but the individual has established a life in Japan (e.g., has family), the status may be downgraded to “Long-Term Resident” (Teijusha) or another appropriate status. While this allows the individual to remain in Japan, the stability of the visa is significantly reduced. Unlike Permanent Residence, “Long-Term Resident” status requires periodic renewal applications, and the duration of stay is limited (e.g., 1 year or 3 years). This change signifies a shift from a permanent status to one that requires constant monitoring by the immigration authorities.

Conclusion#

The strengthening of the Permanent Residence revocation system through the 2024 amendment should not be a cause for excessive fear for foreign nationals who live sincerely and comply with the law. The amendment targets malicious non-compliance rather than accidental oversight.

However, it serves as a strong reminder that obtaining Permanent Residence is not the “final goal” where one can disregard administrative procedures. Continued fulfillment of natural obligations as a member of Japanese society—specifically paying taxes and social insurance premiums—is now more legally binding than ever. Staying conscious of legal compliance and managing public notifications and deadlines responsibly are essential for maintaining a stable and secure life in Japan.